European Ancestors – Migration Series (2) Reasons for Migration

European Migration Series
© Julie Goucher, August 2022

This post is part of a series about European Migration. You can read the complete series HERE.

Regardless of the timeframe for the migration, the basic reasons haven’t really changed very much.

  • Fleeing Persecution
  • Escaping wars, of varying scale
  • Creating a better life
  • Enforced Migration
  • Migration Schemes
  • Work opportunities
  • Prisoners of War & Internment
  • Following Military Service
  • Refugees

Over the next few posts, I am going to take each of the points above and give some examples, some of which might overlap other points listed above. Furthermore, some of the examples might develop into a more specific posts as the Migration Series progresses.

Think of migration as an umbrella 🌂 , and once opened ☂ each spoke becoming one of the points above, some of which will develop into mini umbrellas. Migration is so much more than passenger lists.

Posted in European Ancestors, European Migration Series, Europeans beyond Europe, Genealogy | Leave a comment

European Ancestors – Migration Series (1) – Introduction

European Migration Series
© Julie Goucher, August 2022

This post is part of a series about European Migration. You can read the complete series HERE.

The story of migration, and understanding that story is of importance to genealogists and family historians.  In the understanding of that story, it enables us to have a more rounded view of snapshots of the lives of individuals in context, when so many, many people left their native lands. This is much in the same way a camera takes lots of mini pictures in poor light, it uses the multiple images to build the final picture taken, so viewers see a clear and concise image.

Migration is deep routed in my own family, and has led me over three decades to explore the lives of people and places, which eventually developed beyond my own family, to become a really important element of my research and interest.

I am the daughter of a migrant, albeit, a late migrant in the grand scheme of things. It was that migration and the understanding of it that led me to develop and expand my research, morphing into the formation of my One-Name Study for the Orlando surname, and my One-Place Study for the Sicilian commune of Sutera. Though my interest didn’t stop there. Other migrants arrived and deported both Britain and other parts of the globe, as military personnel, convicts and free settlers to Australia, and those who were desperate for a new life or even just to see what another country was like, before returning back to home turf, as my Grandmother’s uncle did.

Both my British and Sicilian family has migrated and travelled to Australia, New Zealand, Canada, United States, India, South Africa, Argentina and many others besides, and that is before I even focus on my specific studies.

The reality is, that migration is so much more than they got on a boat and went to ……There is the:

  • HOW did they go?
  • WHY did they go?
  • WHEN did they go?
  • WHERE did they go?
  • WHO did they go with?
  • WHAT did they do when they were en-route, when they arrived, and beyond?

© Julie Goucher, 2016

A deeper understanding is essential, as that gives us context, foundations and above all clarity, for understanding

Your People, in Their time and in Their Place

Whenever I talk about European Ancestors either in a presentation, workshop or even the Pharos course, I try to stress this. The subject is a huge one, my written text is about 50,000 words and has been sliced and diced in various ways, for various reasons. In addition, I am still writing, adding to the original text.

The European Migration Series is going to be a long series, some of the posts might be on consecutive days, while others might be a week or so apart. The series is currently scooped out on a rather large pile of index cards, and is subject to be tweaked over the coming weeks. Different migration groups likely share commonality with other groups, regardless of the catalyst for migrating, how they migrated, when they migrated, why they migrated and where they migrated to.

The posts are going to cover a wide range of reasons, locations, timespans, individuals and resources etc. The commonality might mean there is going to be some overlap and I will attempt to keep posts short and concise.

What to do next? To get the most out of the series , or for European research guidance there are a few things I recommend:

  1. Subscribe via email, Facebook or Twitter follow, then you will be alerted to new posts when they publish
  2. Leave comments or questions on posts – I might answer questions at the bottom of the post, create a separate Q & A or do both
  3. The European Ancestors section on the menu bar has a link for this series and a variety of other posts – what is currently published is a mere fraction of what I have.
  4. Consider taking the Pharos European Ancestors course (750)
Posted in European Ancestors, European Migration Series, Europeans beyond Europe | Leave a comment

Miscellaneous Workbook For One-Name Studies

© Julie Goucher, 2019

Some months ago I said I would share how I kept spreadsheets full of unprocessed and unrelated data prior to it being added to my software database. Apologies for a long wait, I hope this post goes some way to helping those with questions.

I use Excel, but this will work with the Google and Mac equivalents. Also the aesthetics will look different if you are on a tablet Apple or Android, or on a laptop etc.

When I open Excel and create a new workbook I create a series of sheets, these are the tabs at the bottom (or might be at the top).  The first sheet is always a guidance sheet, this tells you a variety of things, depending on the purpose of the file.

If you look at the download of the 1837 onwards GRO download which can be found HERE you can see an example, the first sheet is the Guidance sheet, the next three sheets are the births, marriages and death sheets.

In my Miscellaneous data workbook I have the guidance sheet, and instead of having different workbooks, each with a sheet of different data I have moved the individual sheets to the Miscellaneous workbook. That way, each different data group retains the columns for each field header and yet there are not lots of different spreadsheet files.

There is a trade off, a workbook marked Miscellaneous is not exactly helpful, but the alternative is lots of different spreadsheet workbooks, and one worksheet containing a variety of field headings means the amount of columns could and, in my case did, mean the open workbook went off the screen and I had to resort to scrolling across, which was just unhelpful.

I should point out that for each study (or database) I have a Miscellaneous workbook. My file names are defined as:

  • BUTCHER – Miscellaneous
  • ORLANDO – Miscellaneous
  • VIRCIGLIO – Miscellaneous
  • EUROPE – Miscellaneous

The first two are my One-Name Studies, the third is a surname study that is unregistered with the Guild of One-Name Studies currently, and the fourth is my gathering of data resources for European Ancestors.

The first lesson in the Practicalities of a One-Name Studies course, looks at spreadsheets, their uses, creations and why they are not a great fit for storing a One-Name Study long term – correct tool for the job!

My method is effectively using a spreadsheet as a holding pen. Once I add the data to my database, which is generally when I have expanded the detail beyond one person, I annotate the line as done, eventually deleting the sheet from the workbook.

Whilst the sheet maybe removed from the Miscellaneous workbook, it moves to the archived workbook, just in case I want to refer back to it in the future.

Posted in Genealogy, Introduction to One-Name Studies (Pharos course 901), Practicalities of a One-Name Studies (Pharos Course 903) | 3 Comments

Pharos Course Dates for 2023

Copyright – Pharos Tutors

I have yet to update the relevant sections of this site, but I have agreed the following dates for the various courses that I teach:

Introduction to One-Name Studies (901) Details can be found HERE

24 January and 4 July

Practicalities of a One-Name Study (903) Details can be found HERE

****Last intake for 2022 – 27 September****

7 March and 5 September

Advanced One-Name Studies (902) Details can be found HERE

17 October 2023

****1 November 2022****

Researching Ancestors in Continental Europe (750) Details can be found HERE

18 April 2023

Posted in Advanced One-Name Studies (Pharos Course 902), European Ancestors, Genealogy, Introduction to One-Name Studies (Pharos course 901), One-Name Studies, Practicalities of a One-Name Studies (Pharos Course 903) | Leave a comment

Working with UNCONNECTED People in a Genealogical Database

© Julie Goucher, Dec 2020

This is a long awaited post, requested by several Pharos students….(sorry for the wait!).

Working with unconnected people in a genealogical database is one of the biggest issues for those with surname projects, or One-Name Studies.

I personally struggled with this in my early days, and my way of coping with this obstacle was to “hitch” people together – I use a marriage, whereas others might use a census.

The reason I use a marriage is that you have less people to deal with when compared to a census. Those with studies do require details from the census, but not necessarily immediately.

The way I approach this, is to open my genealogical program and create a new database. For my Orlando study, the file is simply called Orlando ONS. I add each individual with the Orlando surname to the database, each one, unattached to others, apart from their spouse. As I then build the family, or reconstruct the family, I do so using parish registers or other suitable data, which enables each family to develop, of course some of those individual with the Orlando name, may well form part of a wider family.

Let me give you this example – imagine a family reunion, Grandma is the top of the family, her six relatives each with their spouses and their children. The six children are in the database, hitched to their spouses, with their family reconstructed. Also at the reunion, are a further seven people, bearing the same name, with their Grandfather at the top of their family group. The seven people might be related to the previously mentioned six people, but not necessarily, but to all intent and purposes, the groups of six and seven people with their spouses are entered into the database and are of equal standing to each other.

I have three individuals that are in my Orlando database, and completely unattached from their spouses and other suitable individuals. The image below comes from my Pharos European Ancestors course. The source is Dachau Concentration Camp, Jewish Gen index. From the material entered on the card, it provides a starting point, from which I can begin to establish their lives. Up until now, these three individuals have sat in my Orlando Miscellaneous Workbook – more on that tomorrow.

© Julie Goucher, 2021

Posted in Genealogy, Introduction to One-Name Studies (Pharos course 901), One-Name Studies, Practicalities of a One-Name Studies (Pharos Course 903) | 6 Comments

European Ancestors – Understanding France – Index to the Series

Courtesy of Wikipedia
Flag adopted 15 Feb 1794

This post is part of a series about genealogy in France. You can read the complete series HERE. If you are wondering what the various posts were about, wonder no more, this is the index!

  1. Census
  2. Paris
  3. Births
  4. Baptisms
  5. Deaths
  6. Burials
  7. Marriages
  8. Divorce
  9. 30 Year War
  10. Geographical Name Changes
  11. Calendar
  12. Causes of Revolution
  13. Foundation for Revolution
  14. New Regime
  15. New Regime Phase 1
  16. New Regime Phase 2
  17. New Regime Phase 3
  18. New Regime Phase 4
  19. Revolution and Migration
  20. Territories outside France
  21. Religion and the Roman Catholics
  22. Religion and Mennonites
  23. Religion and Huguenots
  24. Religion and the Waldensians
  25. Franco-Prussian War
  26. Acadians
  27. DNA
  28. French Surnames (Geographical)
  29. Official Name Changes
  30. French Surnames (Alias and dit)
  31. French Surnames
  32. Resources
  33. Jewish Migration
  34. Overseas Territories, Empire and Slavery
  35. Corsica
  36. Department, Districts, Cantons and Communes
  37. Migration from France
  38. Romani Research
  39. Surname Distribution
  40. Military

Index to the series

Posted in European Ancestors, France, French Surnames, Understanding France Series | 2 Comments

Q & A – Recording Ethnicity in a One-Name Study or in Genealogy

Created by Julie Goucher – Feb 2020 Using Wordclouds.com

A few weeks ago I received an email from a Guild of One-Name Studies member asking me

How do you handle the identification of people of colour (Negro) in your studies?

I must admit I took a while to respond to the email, as I wanted time to think. For me there is more to the question that just the colour of our skin – it is about who we identify with. I do not believe we can put a label on the situation and use that to reflect who we are, either how we see ourselves or how others might see us. As humans I believe we probably care more about the latter than the former, but I stand to be corrected.

There is also the question of, does it matter what colour your skin is, in relation to a surname study? If I record 100 people with a particular surname into our databases, the only deciding factor is likely to be the surname. In the case of the Orlando study – the colour of skin is irrelevant, as long as you (or the name of one of your parent) is Orlando, your are in! However, the context of how and why you took the name is important.

For example, the National Archives at Kew has Examination of Invalid Soldiers in record class WO 23. Contained within the set is a record of Roland Orlando, he is aged 38 years in 1860 and had served in the 1st West India Regiment as a private. His character is recorded as good, with four good conduct badges. His initial trade was that of a labourer. The regimental surgeon reported him as “rheumatism and worn out”. His hair, eyes and complexion are all recorded as black. His place of residence is Jamaica and his place of birth is Africa.

In order to answer the question put to me, I recorded the facts of Roland Orlando, each fact is an entry within the Roland Orlando’s record in my database, with the source of that information as the Examination of Invalid Soldiers WO23/157 and the date of 24 Jan 1860. In my software, which is Family Historian, I use the class of physical attributes to record any characteristics that exist within the document.

But is that it? Is that sufficient? In the case of Roland, there are some curious issues and questions that come to mind. Did he think of himself as African? Jamaican? He was employed by the British Army, so did he think of himself as British? The reality was probably very, very different. Why though do I think that?

Looking at the range of information just from this document provided some clues and they became plausible when I thought of the clues, plus with the history of the region.

  • The climate in the Caribbean was not perhaps a natural environment if you were not born there, or from a climate that was much cooler. Many British soldiers fell ill, a mixture of temperature and disease. The decision was taken that those more accustomed to the weather might be more suitable.
  • The place of birth recorded as Africa, coupled with residence in Jamaica, suggested that perhaps this was not just a working transaction.
  • The Regiment is a further clue – The 1st West India Regiment was raised in 1795 though the merging of two units that were formed by the British between 1775 and 1783. One of the units included personnel that were recruited on Martinique.
  • By 1795, many of the soldiers in this region were enslaved Africans who had been “purchased” by the British Army, and this was a key feature of the lengthening of the slave trade until 1807.
  • The service of Roland was recorded as good with four good conduct badges, yet he remained a private – those who were black were not able to progress through the ranks with the ease of white soldiers.
  • His name is curious – Orlando is the Italian form of Roland. The name Roland has old German origins, so it is similar to having someone with the surname James and being called James.

I find the concept of people being purchased as distasteful, and appalling. Sadly, that was the way of the world during this period, and as such I have recognised that. I want to see if I can establish how Roland was recruited, amongst other things.

I do have a few more snippets of information about Roland Orlando and hope to share them in a follow up post.

Resources

Posted in Orlando One-Name Study, Q & A | Leave a comment

Orlando Military Personnel in France

As I was writing the post about military records in France for my Understanding France Series, I did a number of searches and was surprised by the results, and thought it worth sharing.

The first search I did was for the Napoleonic War – This database. The site is that of a collaboration and there were two instances of the surname Orlando in the database, as shown below:

Slide Created by Julie Goucher, 2022

If you look at the red oblong on the left entry, you can hopefully see that the text is hyperlinked – this goes to Memoire des Hommes website, where I can see the image, free of charge. The surprising thing is, I had already visited the Memoire des Hommes site and did the same search, which revealed zilch! The other interesting thing is that the search results shown here includes an instance where the enlisting soldier’s mother has the birth surname of Orlando.

The second search relates to the French overseas territories, located HERE. A search for Orlando revealed the following:

Image created by Julie Goucher, August 2022

Six individuals who were French citizens who were living in Algeria, by clicking the small image to the left of the surname you can see the actual document image.

Posted in France, Orlando One-Name Study | Leave a comment

European Ancestors – Understanding France (40) Military

Courtesy of Wikipedia
Flag adopted 15 Feb 1794

This post is part of a series about genealogy in France. You can read the complete series HERE.

  • Memoire des HommesMilitary Enlistments of the old Regime of France 1682-1793 is a significant depository of records in browse mode only, of:
    • Enlistment Records
    • Different branches of the army, such as artillery, Calvary etc
    • Different units, towns and battlefields
    • Early records are in the name of the old Provinces, towns etc, for example Anjou
    • Includes records relating to Belgians.
  • Memoire des HommesNapoleonic War 1802-1815 enlistments, in a searchable database. This also incorporates what we now know as Belgium. – with images
  • Ancestramil – A useful site with details of the structure of Military forces of France
  • Collaborative Military Archives (Geneanet) – Napoleonic War 1802-1815 – no images
  • France GenWeb 1914-1918
  • France Memorial GenWebSoldiers and Resistance fighters who died, including civilians AND foreign soldiers that died in France
  • Military Registration Records for French citizens in the Overseas Territories
    • French West Africa (1888-1917)
    • Algeria (1866-1921)
    • French Coast of the Somalis (1910-1917)
    • Comoros (1895-1918)
    • Guyana (1890-1914)
    • India and Indochina (1897-1909)
    • Madagascar (1889-1918) –  Some later registers are kept in the Archives of Paris.
    • New Caledonia (1907-1918)
    • Polynesia (1894-1919)
    • Reunion (1884-1918)
    • Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon (1901-1921) – The later registers are kept in the Archives of Paris.
Posted in European Ancestors, France, Understanding France Series | Leave a comment

European Ancestors – Understanding France (39) Surname Distribution

Courtesy of Wikipedia
Flag adopted 15 Feb 1794

This post is part of a series about genealogy in France. You can read the complete series HERE.

One of the things that is useful, is to see a visual display of where a surname appears across a country. In the case of France, the site http://www.geopatronyme.com displays the births of a given surname across varying periods of time.

In the example below, I used the surname of my paternal Great Grandmother, VIRCIGLIO and the results show there were four births between 1941 and 1965, all of which were in the department of Moselle (57). The only other births for the surname occurred in the same department (57) between 1966-1990 when there were eight.

Posted in European Ancestors, France, French Surnames, Understanding France Series | Leave a comment